Social capital refers to the networks, trust, norms, and shared values that connect individuals and groups within a society. Unlike financial or physical capital, social capital is built through relationships, cooperation, and mutual support. It represents the invisible bonds that make communities stronger and more resilient.
There are different types of social capital. Bonding social capital exists among close groups like family and friends, creating trust and security. Bridging social capital connects people across different groups, encouraging diversity and collaboration. Linking social capital refers to connections with institutions, such as governments or organizations, which provide access to resources and opportunities.
High levels of social capital lead to many benefits. Communities with strong networks are more likely to share information, support each other in times of crisis, and create opportunities for collective growth. Businesses and governments also benefit, as social trust makes cooperation smoother and reduces conflict.
On the other hand, a lack of social capital can lead to isolation, inequality, and weaker community ties. By promoting collaboration, volunteering, education, and inclusive values, societies can strengthen their social capital, which in turn enhances cohesion, economic opportunities, and long-term development.